Women Prisons Before the 1800 Essay Example for Free

Women Prisons Before the 1800 Essay â€Å"Women were punished as men were, with the exception that pregnant women were often spared punishment until after they had given birth. Women were generally mixed with male prisoners and supervised by male jailers, which made the women doubly subject to abuse and exploitation.†(Foster, 2006) Women who violated the law, then, also violated their subservient position and were seen as morally suspect as well as criminal. Prior to the development of prisons in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, punishment for women and men took a variety of forms: Serious offenders were put to death by hanging or burning, or banished from their community or sold as slaves How have they changed? The Indiana State Reformatory was established in 1873 as the first separate prison for women in America. (Foster, 2006) The women in prisons are still treated the same except they have separate prisons and more rights to help them when they are abused. They still do have coed prisons in Illinois but they are minimum security prisons. What are the three basic arguments established in the 1800s that supported the separation of juvenile prisoners from adult prisoners? 1. The penitentiary regimen was too hard on tender youth. 2. Juveniles would learn bad habits from older criminals and be embittered by The experience of confinement. 3. Adolescents could be reformed if they were diverted early enough into institutions Designed specifically for people their age. What would happen if there were no distinction between prisons for juveniles and adults? It would be like sending flocks of young sheep to live with older wolves. The juveniles would be exploited and exposed to a great deal immoral and illegal things. What was the purpose of prison labor? In the 1800s, prisons recouped their expenses by leasing convicts to private companies; in 1885, fully three-quarters of prisoners were involved in some form of labor, mostly for private companies or individuals (du Pont, Some Benefits of Prisoner Labor). This had little to do with attempts at  rehabilitation. Prisoners were forced to work without pay, often in dangerous conditions; convict miners were killed in cave-ins in the 1800s (Leonhardt A1). In 1887, Congress for the first time attempted to outlaw the leasing of convict labor to private parties (Ingley 28+), but there was backlash at the state level: refusal to house federal prisoners. What finally drove legislation restricting prison labor were the Depression and the increasing fear that private jobs would be lost to cheaper convict labor. The 1935 Hawes-Cooper Act, along with the Ashurst-Sumner Act of 1940, outlawed interstate trade in convict-made goods, making it a felony and a federal crime to traffic in them (OMeara 14; du Pont, Some Benefits of Prisoner Labor). Subsection (b) of the Ashurst-Sumner Act does exempt goods made in State prisons for use by any prison in any other state, or federal prison-made goods for use by any other federal prison (Ingley 28+). Congress banned prison labor use on federal contracts exceeding $10,000 the same year (du Pont, Some Benefits); the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act placed limits on the purchase of prison-made goods by the federal government (Ingley 28+). Corrections: The Fundamentals, by Burk Foster. Published by Prentice-Hall. Copyright  © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Du Pont, Pete. Some Benefits of Prisoner Labor. The San Diego Union-Tribune 30 Nov. 1995: pg.? Leonhard, David. As Prison Labor Grows, So Does the Debate. The New York Times 19 Mar. 2000, final ed.: A1. Ingley, Gwen Smith. Inmate Labor: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow. Corrections Today v. 58 Feb. 1996: 28+.

Mcdonalds Golden Arches Essay -- Argumentative Fast Food Essays

Mcdonalds' Golden Arches When fast food comes to mind, one fast food mammoth comes to mind: McDonald's. The imperial fast food giant can be linked visually to several images, but namely its trademark golden arches. Other visual images, primarily for advertisement purposes, are also stamped into the minds of Americans associating the idea of burgers and fries with the ubiquitous franchise. However, the image displayed in the Time Magazine's September 30th 2002 issue, is an image that is hard to decipher and, most importantly, is an image that is hardly a likeness to the icons imprinted in the minds of fast food lovers across the nation. The catchy illustration invades an article tentatively titled, "Can McDonald's Shape Up?" The cartoon portrays an obscenely rotund Ronald McDonald pacing stressfully on a treadmill. The editorial cartoon is not for everyone to understand, yet it still seems to be generally humorous in its own context. At first glance, the cartoon seemingly pokes fun at the growing obesity in America. This observation is perhaps due to the rewarding conveniences of fast food. Unfortunately, the observation is in error because the graphic is located in the Business section of Time Magazine, not the Health section. After reviewing the visual meticulously, the drawing proves to represent an issue that is not quite as literal as it may seem. The obviously struggling Ronald McDonald depicted in the cartoon is making an honest attempt to lose his weight, but he seems to have no real chance. It seems the harm is done for McDonald's; and regardless of its efforts, McDonald's can not catch up to its growing competition. To begin with, the illustration is used in the business section. The intended audience for... ...tself, leaving McDonald's, with all its efforts, in the same place it starts. The editorial cartoon is altogether a reflection of ultimate failure as McDonald's attempts to get back on track and "shape up". While different aspects can be observed from the editorial cartoon, one thing is clear, McDonald's has no chance. As the metaphorical "McDonald's" fights to regain its former glory, it is ultimately left running in circles with no chance of making it to the finish line. The message is apparent in the cartoon. Ronald McDonald, tired, worn out, and fat will inevitably end up in the same slump he started from. The perspective is conveyed plainly with the use of several visual metaphors and presentation. McDonald's seems to be losing the game it started itself. Works Cited: Eisenberg, Daniel. "Can McDonald's Shape Up?". Time Magazine. Sept. 30, 2002. p52-57.

Computer: Related Studies and Definitions Essay

Password is a string of characters used for authenticating a user on a computer system. Biometrics refers to technologies used to detect and recognize human physical characteristics. In the ITworld, biometrics is often synonymous with â€Å"biometric authentication,† a type of security authorization based on biometric input. Employer A legal entity that controls and directs a servant or worker under an express or implied contract of employment and pays (or is obligated to pay) him or her salary or wages in compensation. Payroll Administrator defined as a person in an organization who is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the employees within the firm are paid accurately and timely. Payroll administrators can either be working on site or outsourced. Transaction Something transacted, especially a business agreement or exchange. Computer Program(Program) a sequence of instructions, stored in any medium, that can be interpreted and executed by a computer; – called most frequently a program. This term is used both for the written program (a document) and for its corresponding electronic version stored or executed on the computer. MSDOS Microsoft Disk Operating System. A computer operating system for personal computers, which has largely been replaced by the more common Windows operating system. MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) was the Microsoft-marketed version of the first widely-installed operating system in personal computers. It was  essentially the same operating system that Bill Gates’s young company developed for IBM as Personal Computer Window Based (Windows-based; upper case â€Å"W†) Refers to hardware and software that use Microsoft Windows. 201 file In most organization, commonly use office forms are standardized and numbered. In this case, an office form numbered 201 is classified as the personal data sheet. Hence, a 201 file contains the personal information of an employee. Biometric Attendance & Payroll Systems by Star Catalyst Now a days companies want to focus mainly on their main area of operations, hence automatic attendance systems are the need of the hour for every small as well as big organization. These biometric systems automate the process of attendance & payroll generation and recording. We offer access and attendance system, biometric time attendance systems, fingerprint time attendance systems and many more. Various technologies being used for attendance & payroll are as follows : 1.Proximity based 2.Biometric based – Retina Recognition, hand print recognition, face recognition 3.Fingerprint basedStar CatalystBased at New Delhi, we are offering turnkey solutions in security domain to the corporate and government sector. Timely execution and proper planning are some of the features of our security services and electronic article surveillance system. Our Team Committed to deliver clients services that have high degree of perfection our services comply with the international standards and specifications.  Making use of technologically advanced machinery and in-depth industrial experience, our team of experts has formulated our services in an industry specific manner. We are competent to maintain and create firm and long-lasting relationship with our clients by providing them quality services for which we have set our own quality parameters. Our team  of production experts uses state-of-art technologies finely blended with their acquired specialized knowledge & technical know-how to bring out effective results.

A Pioneer of Expressionism, James Ensor - 1099 Words

The colourful grotesque scenes painted by James Ensor have caused many to place him as a pioneer of expressionism. He is most recognized as the painter of masks and skeletons. However, to place him under one category would be to ignore a large portion of his career, in which he tackled a plethora of techniques, mediums, and subjects. The diversity of Ensors art sets him apart from many other artists, and his experimentation was ceaseless. Ensor was innovative and original, excelling at a great number of things. Until his death in 1949, Ensor constantly proved his ever-expanding artistic ability, expressing himself through his work in any way that he pleased, and refusing to surrender to the standards of others. James Sidney Ensor was born in 1860 to an educated Englishman and a bourgeious Belgium woman in the seaside resort town of Ostend, Belgium. During the summer the streets would be crawling with tourists, eager to take in the sea and partake in a wild Flemish festival. Ensors fa ther, James Frederic Ensor, left for the United States shortly after his sons birth to find work as a civil engineer, but returned to Ostend after the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861. The family of his wife, Maria Catherina Haegheman, owned a small eclectic souvenir shop, in which Ensor found great inspiration. In my parents shop I had seen the wavy lines, the serpentine forms of beautiful seashells, the irridescent lights of mother-of-pearl, the rich tones of delicate chinoiserie (1).